Smoking for the Health Consequences of the Human Body
Many diseases are smokers. Studies have shown that there are 10 types of cancer caused by smoking. In addition, he also noted that male smokers die 13.2 years younger than non-smokers, while female smokers die 14.5 years.
Smoking can cause cancer of the mouth, vocal cords and esophagus. Smokers have a 13 times higher lung cancer than nonsmokers taxable. While male smokers are 23 times higher risk of lung cancer than nonsmokers.
Stomach cancer and stomach, kidney cancer, pancreatic cancer, can cause fatal if I diabetes mellitus, diabetes, cancer of the cervix, cancer of the blood / leukemia. Wow!
Effect on Lung
Smoking can cause changes in the structure and function of the airways and lung tissue. In large airways, mucous cells enlarge (hypertrophy) and multiply the mucous glands (hyperplasia). In small airways, there was evidence of mild inflammation due to constriction of the larger cell and the accumulation of mucus. In lung tissue, an increased number of inflammatory cells and lesions in the alveoli.
Due to changes in the anatomy of the airways, smokers cause changes in lung function with all types of clinical symptoms. This was the main basis of the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PPOM). He says smoking is the leading cause of outbreaks of PPOM, including emphysema, chronic bronchitis and asthma.
Relationship between smoking and lung cancer has been studied over the last 4-5 decades. Found a strong link between cigarette smoking, particularly cigarettes, with an incidence of lung cancer. It ‘also expressly stated that the cigarettes the most important cause of lung cancer.
Cigarette smoke particles as benzopyran, dibenzopiren, and urethane, a known carcinogen. Tar is also associated with cancer risk. Compared with nonsmokers, there is the possibility of lung cancer in smokers reach 10-30 times more frequent.
Impact on the heart
Many studies have shown an association between smoking and coronary heart disease (CHD). Of the 11 million deaths per year in industrialized countries, the WHO reports that more than half (6 million) due to blood flow, in which 2.5 million were coronary heart disease and 1.5 million accident stroke. Health Ministry survey in 1986 and 1992, obtaining an increase in deaths from heart disease by 9.7 percent (third place) to 16 percent (first row).
Smoking is a major factor in causing heart disease. Not only the cause of cardiovascular disease, smoking is bad for the brain and peripheral blood vessels.
Smokers smoke exhaled smoke can be divided into primary (mainstream smoke) and smoked half (half-stream smoke). The most important thing is the smoke of tobacco smoke is inhaled directly to smokers, when the means of smoke is tobacco smoke spread into the atmosphere, which is inhaled by another person or passive smokers.
A 4000 types of chemicals found in cigarettes, with 40 species, which are carcinogenic (cause cancer), where toxic materials is mainly second-hand smoke such as carbon monoxide (CO) 5 times more common in smoke out of the mainstream smoke benzopiren 3 times, and ammonia 50 times. These materials can last up to several hours in a room after stopping smoking.
Generally, the focus of research aimed at the role of nicotine and carbon monoxide. Both materials, in addition to increased oxygen consumption, but also disrupt the oxygen supply to the heart muscle (myocardium) at the expense of the work of the heart muscle.
Nicotine acts on the sympathetic nervous system with an increased myocardial oxygen consumption. In addition, smoking is addictive, nicotine stimulates the release of adrenaline, increased heart rate, blood pressure, myocardial oxygen consumption, and can cause cardiac arrhythmias. Nicotine also interfere with nerve, brain, and many other parts of the body. Nicotine activates platelets, which is due to the appearance of adhesion of blood platelets (clotting) in a container wall.
Carbon monoxide caused desaturation of hemoglobin, reducing the direct supply of oxygen to body tissues including the myocardium. CO replaces oxygen in hemoglobin, which interferes with oxygen delivery and acceleration of atherosclerosis (calcification / thickening of the walls of blood vessels). Therefore, exercise capacity reduces the CO, increased blood viscosity, which facilitates blood clotting.
Nicotine, carbon and other substances in cigarette smoke has proven to endothelial injury (blood vessel walls), and facilitate the start of blood clots. In addition, cigarette smoke affects the lipid profile. Compared to non-smokers, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and blood of smokers is higher, while HDL cholesterol is lower.
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
The smoke turned out to be the major risk factor for sudden death.
The risk of coronary heart disease increased 2.4-fold in smokers compared with nonsmokers. This risk increases with age and number of cigarettes smoked. Research shows that risk factors for smoking work in synergy with other factors such as hypertension, lipid levels or the level of sugar in the blood, the onset of coronary heart disease.
Please note that the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease was reduced by 50 percent in the first year after smoking was stopped. Due to blood clots (thrombosis) and calcification (atherosclerosis) in blood vessel walls, smoking will clearly damage the peripheral blood vessels.
PPDP involvement of the arteries and veins of the leg or arm is often found in young adult heavy smokers, often end up with an amputation.
ILLNESS (AVC)
Blockage of blood vessels in the brain that are abrupt or stroke associated with smoking a lot. The risk of stroke and the risk of death is higher in smokers than nonsmokers.
In a study in the United States and Britain, found smoking increases the likelihood of the onset of AIDS to HIV. In the group of smokers, AIDS in an average of 8.17 months emerged, while in non-smokers arises after 14.5 months. Decreased immunity of smokers start more easily exposed to AIDS to stop smoking is important as defense against AIDS.
Now, more and more studied and reported adverse effects of smoking during pregnancy, impotence, decreased immune individuals, including people with viral hepatitis, gastrointestinal cancer, and others. From the viewpoint of health economics, the impact of diseases caused by smoking significantly increase the costs for individuals, families, communities and even countries.
Diseases caused by smoking in the supply of labor, especially skilled workers or executive staff, sudden death or disability due to a clear cause heavy losses of the company. The decrease in labor productivity to increase the company’s turnover is reduced, as well as the financial burden that does little for individuals and families. The costs of health care costs increase, families, businesses and government.
Smokers are three times more likely to develop cataracts can cause blindness. Smoking may be a major cause of stroke and brain damage. Smokers are 10 times greater risk of developing periodontitis (gum infection leading to burning), so that it can damage the delicate tissue of the bones.
Other impacts may occur such as pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma, chronic cough, heart failure, myocardial infarction, hypertension and stroke. Infertility, premature babies, babies born with less weight and respiratory problems. To avoid the harmful effects of dangerous substances in cigarettes and collected in the airways, smokers should consume sources of chlorophyll and antioxidants regularly. Not forgetting, of course, the best advice is to change, reduce and eliminate bad habits such as smoking.
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